The pattern rule

The -uir ending requires a y to be inserted before o, e, or a — wherever i would not naturally appear. This affects the present tense (except nosotros/vosotros), the preterite third person, and the present subjunctive.

💡 Tip Verbs ending in -guir (seguir, distinguir) and -quir (delinquir) do NOT follow this pattern — the gu/qu already handles the spelling. Only pure -uir verbs like construir, incluir, and huir insert the y.

Example: construir (to build / to construct) — Present

Irregular forms are highlighted in red. Regular forms for comparison are shown in grey where they differ.

Pronoun Actual form Regular would be
yo construyo* construo
construyes* construes
él/ella construye* construe
nosotros construimos
vosotros construís
ellos/ellas construyen* construen
See full conjugation of construir →

Frequently asked questions

What are -uir spelling-change verbs in Spanish?

Verbs ending in -uir (like construir, incluir, and huir) insert a y before endings that begin with o, e, or a. In the present tense: construyo, construyes, construye, construimos, construís, construyen.

Why do -uir verbs insert a y?

When two vowels meet in a Spanish verb form, a y is conventionally inserted to avoid an unusual vowel cluster and to clarify pronunciation. The i in -uir becomes a consonantal y before another vowel.

All 11 -uir verbs verbs — ordered by frequency

Sorted by how commonly each verb appears in everyday Spanish. Start with rank #1 and work down.

Other irregular verb patterns

Practise these verbs with spaced repetition to actually remember them.