The pattern rule

When the stressed syllable falls on the stem vowel e, it changes to ie. In the present tense this affects yo, tú, él/ella, and ellos/ellas — the forms outside the "boot" — but NOT nosotros or vosotros, where the stress falls on the ending.

💡 Tip Draw the conjugation table and circle the four affected forms — they form the shape of a boot. That's why these are often called "boot verbs".

Example: querer (to want / to love) — Present

Irregular forms are highlighted in red. Regular forms for comparison are shown in grey where they differ.

Pronoun Actual form Regular would be
yo quiero* quero
quieres* queres
él/ella quiere* quere
nosotros queremos
vosotros queréis
ellos/ellas quieren* queren
See full conjugation of querer →

Frequently asked questions

What are e to ie stem-changing verbs in Spanish?

E to ie stem-changing verbs change the vowel e in their stem to ie whenever that vowel is stressed. In the present tense, this affects yo, tú, él/ella, and ellos/ellas, but not nosotros or vosotros. Common examples include querer (quiero), entender (entiendo), and pensar (pienso).

Do e to ie verbs change in all tenses?

No. The e→ie change mainly affects the present indicative and present subjunctive. The preterite, imperfect, future, and conditional of most e→ie verbs follow regular patterns. A few verbs like sentir and preferir also show e→i changes in the preterite third person.

How many e to ie stem-changing verbs are there in Spanish?

There are hundreds of e→ie stem-changing verbs in Spanish. This is one of the most common irregular patterns, and you will encounter it constantly in everyday conversation.

All 49 e → ie verbs — ordered by frequency

Sorted by how commonly each verb appears in everyday Spanish. Start with rank #1 and work down.

#11
querer to want / to love
#26
pensar to think
#32
sentir to feel
#36
empezar to begin / to start
#43
perder to lose
#46
entender to understand
#54
comenzar to begin / to start
#112
requerir to require
#117
referir to refer
#126
preferir to prefer
#155
convertir to convert / to turn into
#176
invertir to invest / to invert
#200
mentir to lie
#246
encender to turn on / to light
#248
cerrar to close
#258
sentar to sit / to seat
#260
despertar to wake up
#275
fregar to scrub / to wash (dishes)
#335
defender to defend
#343
sembrar to sow / to plant
#345
regar to water / to irrigate
#411
advertir to warn / to notice
#426
atravesar to cross / to go through
#432
calentar to heat / to warm up
#467
enterrar to bury
#481
gobernar to govern / to rule
#483
herir to injure / to wound
#484
hervir to boil
#518
apretar to squeeze, to tighten
#520
tropezar to stumble, to trip
#637
recomendar to recommend
#685
adherir to adhere, to stick
#692
encerrar to lock up, to enclose
#745
alentar to encourage
#752
desplegar to unfold, to deploy
#824
adquirir to acquire, to obtain
#857
negar to deny, to refuse
#882
sugerir to suggest
#1271
mentar to mention, to name
#1286
descender to descend, to go down
#1289
resentir to resent, to feel the effects of
#1323
desmentir to deny, to refute
#1339
encomendar to entrust
#1450
asentar to settle, to establish
#1496
desalentar to discourage, to dishearten
#1545
revertir to revert
#1576
disentir to dissent
#1655
reverter to revert
#1846
escarmentar to learn a lesson

Other irregular verb patterns

Practise these verbs with spaced repetition to actually remember them.